
The main objective of the lab is to identify the neural, musculo-skeletal and psychological factors that contribute to balance deficits and falls associated with age, Parkinson’s disease, vestibular loss and spinal cord injury. The second objective is to identify optimal exercise, training and treatment strategies to improve age and disease-specific balance deficits and reduce the occurrence and impact of falls.
The Neural Control of Posture and Movement Laboratory features a comprehensive approach to studying dynamic control of balance by combining various neuro-physiological and biomechanical techniques, including surface and intra-muscular electromyography, 3D full-body motion analysis and force measurement coupled with quantitative and qualitative assessment of perceived and physiological effects of fear and anxiety. Virtual environments have been integrated with unique moving balance platforms to manipulate balance-related anxiety and recreate the environmental conditions that lead to falls in everyday life.

Fear of Falling and Postural Control
Postural threat is manipulated by having participants stand on either real or virtual heights. This approach allows us to examine how changes in fear, anxiety and arousal may directly contribute to balance deficits and falls.

Origin of Balance Disorders
Using unique moving platforms designed to mimic real-life conditions that lead to falls, we are trying to identify the specific factors that may contribute to balance deficits in patients with balance disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, vestibular loss and spinal cord injury.

Postural Control of the Trunk
This research aims to understand the relative contribution of deep and superficial muscles of the trunk in normal and pathological control of reactive and anticipatory balance.
Our research would not be possible without the generous funding provided by the following agencies:
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Foundation and Innovation
- BC Knowledge Development Foundation
- Parkinson Society of Canada
- Canadian Institute for Health Research
- National Parkinson Foundation
Lab Director
Mark Carpenter, PhD

Professor, Co-Director, School of Kinesiology
Post-Secondary Education
PhD Kinesiology, University of Waterloo (1998-2001)
MSc Kinesiology, University of Waterloo (1996-1998)
BSc Honours Kinesiology, University of Waterloo (1992-1996)
Employment Record
Professor, University of British Columbia (2015-present)
Tier II Canada Research Chair, University of British Columbia (2005-2015)
NSERC Post-doctoral Fellow, Karolinska Institute, Sweden (2002-2004)
Post-doctoral Researcher, University of Waterloo (2002)
Post-doctoral Researcher, University of Basel (2001)
Academic Memberships
President- International Society of Posture and Gait Research
Centre Investigator – Brain Research Centre, UBC
Associate Member – International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries
Advisory Board Member – Balance and Dizziness Disorder Society
Member – International Society of Posture and Gait Research
Member – Society for Neuroscience
Member – American Physiological Society
Current Students
Keara Sutherland – PhD Student

Keara completed her BSc(Hons) in Human Kinetics at the University of Guelph and a master’s in Kinesiology at Wilfrid Laurier University. Her master’s research examined the muscular activity in the lower leg and foot during slip recovery. She has recently moved to Vancouver to pursue a PhD with Dr. Carpenter to continue to investigate underlying mechanisms that contribute to static and dynamic balance control.
Contact: keara.sutherland@ubc.ca
Xiangwei Zhang – PhD Student

Xiangwei is deeply passionate about the intersection of technology and the human body. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Interactive Art and Technology from Simon Fraser University, where she focused on human body interfaces and wearable devices for rehabilitation. Xiangwei believes that technologies like virtual reality and wearable devices hold immense potential in medical applications and must be designed with a profound understanding of human physiology.
Beyond her academic pursuits, Xiangwei is an avid mountain climber. Having summited several high-altitude peaks, she understands the critical importance of body awareness for climbers. Her dream of reaching Mount Everest drives her continued research in human body mechanics and postural control.
Contact: xiangwei.zhang@ubc.ca
Emmarie Racine Hallin – PhD Student

Emmarie completed her undergraduate degree in kinesiology at Acadia University and continued to her master’s at the University of Saskatchewan on Concussion and postural control where her research was funded by Canadian Graduate Scholarship-Masters (CIHR) and Mitacs to create and implement a protocol for assessing and rehabilitating underlying performance deficits at a local physiotherapy clinic in Saskatoon. Emmarie is a certified athletic therapist, and her passion lies in bridging research and clinicians. Emmarie is currently part of the Neural Control of Posture and Movement Lab under the supervision of Dr. Mark Carpenter where her research will look at peripheral vestibular function and perception with a specific focus on individuals with a concussion.
Contact: emmrh@student.ubc.ca
Sayna Soleymanian – MSc Student

Sayna completed her bachelor of Kinesiology at UBC. She is currently pursuing her MSc in Kinesiology under the supervision of Dr. Mark Carpenter. Her thesis examines the effects of self-talk on postural and emotional changes related to height-induced postural threat.
Contact email: sayna.soleymanian@ubc.ca
Daniel Everard – MSc Student

Daniel earned his B.Kin. at UBC and is pursuing his MSc. under the supervision of Dr. Mark Carpenter and Dr. Romeo Chua. During his undergraduate degree, he completed a directed studies research project which looked at the relationship between postural threat and upper limb fine motor control. Within his M.Sc., Daniel seeks to explore the effect of risk-behaviour on decision-making within threatful environments. In his free time, you can find Daniel either at the Vancouver Japanese Language School teaching iaido or at Rec North flexing in front of a mirror.
Contact: deverard@ubc.ca
Xiya (Christina) Cheng – MSc Student

Christina completed her Bachelor of Kinesiology degree at the University of British Columbia in Spring 2025 and is now pursuing her Master of Science in Kinesiology under the supervision of Dr. Mark Carpenter. During her undergraduate studies, she developed a strong interest in research through her involvement in multiple laboratories and diverse ongoing projects, including a brief collaboration with researcher at the University of California, Berkeley on an fMRI-based neuroimaging project. Christina looks forward to continuing her research on balance and sensorimotor control as part of her graduate studies.
Contact: christina.cheng@ubc.ca
Graduated Students
Post-doc
Romain Tisserand – Post-doc
Anna Bjerkefors – Post-doc (2012)
Ursula Kueng – Post-doc (2010)
PhD
Kyle Missen – PhD (2024)
Martin Zaback – PhD (2021)
Eveline Pasman – PhD (2020)
Taylor Cleworth – PhD (2018)
Brian Horslen – PhD (2016)
Chantelle Murnaghan – PhD (2013)
Adam Campbell – PhD (2012)
Justin Davis – PhD (2010)
MSc
Joshua Donald – MSc (2025)
Solenne Villemer – MSc (2025)
Xiangwei Zhang – MSc (2025)
Jeff Kelly – MSc (2024)
Heather Pudwell – MSc (2024)
Emma Reiter – MSc (2022)
Margot Schmidt – MSc (2021)
Emma Nielsen – MSc (2020)
Eduardo Naranjo – MSc (2015)
Jordan Squair – MSc (2014)
Shannon Lim – MSc (2014)
Taylor Cleworth – MSc (2013)
Brian Horslen – MSc (2010)
Carolyn Geh – MSc (2009)
Katherine Pauhl – MSc (2008)
Recent Key Publications
- Nielsen EI, Cleworth TW, Carpenter MG. Exploring emotional-modulation of visually evoked postural responses through virtual reality. Neurosci Lett. 2022 Apr 23;777:136586. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136586. Epub 2022 Mar 21. PMID: 35331814
- Zaback M, Adkin AL, Chua R, Inglis JT, Carpenter MG. Facilitation and Habituation of Cortical and Subcortical Control of Standing Balance Following Repeated Exposure to a Height-related Postural Threat. Neuroscience. 2022 Apr 1;487:8-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.012. Epub 2022 Jan 24. PMID: 35085706
- Pasman EP, McKeown MJ, Garg S, Cleworth TW, Bloem BR, Inglis JT, Carpenter MG. Brain connectivity during simulated balance in older adults with and without Parkinson’s disease. Neuroimage Clin. 2021;30:102676. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102676. Epub 2021 Apr 16. PMID: 34215147
- Zaback M, Reiter ER, Adkin AL, Carpenter MG. Initial experience of balance assessment introduces ‘first trial’ effects on emotional state and postural control. Gait Posture. 2021 Jul;88:116-121. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.013. Epub 2021 May 15. PMID: 34034022
- Orcioli-Silva D, Pasman EP, Gobbi LTB, Beauchamp MR, Carpenter MG. Effects of social anxiety on static and dynamic balance task assessment in older women. Gait Posture. 2021 May;86:174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.03.018. Epub 2021 Mar 9. PMID: 33751969
- Zaback M, Luu MJ, Adkin AL, Carpenter MG. Selective preservation of changes to standing balance control despite psychological and autonomic habituation to a postural threat. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):384. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-79417-5. PMID: 33431937
- Carpenter MG, Campos JL. The Effects of Hearing Loss on Balance: A Critical Review. Ear Hear. 2020 Nov/Dec;41 Suppl 1:107S-119S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000929. PMID: 33105265 Review.
- Vermehren M, Carpenter MG. Virtual postural threat facilitates the detection of visual stimuli. Neurosci Lett. 2020 Sep 25;736:135298. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135298. Epub 2020 Aug 7. PMID: 32771602
- Cleworth TW, Allum JHJ, Luu MJ, Lea J, Westerberg BW, Carpenter MG. The Effect of Unilateral Vestibular Loss on Standing Balance During Postural Threat. Otol Neurotol. 2020 Aug;41(7):e945-e951. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000002485. PMID: 32658112
- Kluft N, Bruijn SM, Luu MJ, Dieën JHV, Carpenter MG, Pijnappels M. The influence of postural threat on strategy selection in a stepping-down paradigm. Sci Rep. 2020 Jul 2;10(1):10815. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66352-8. PMID: 32616778
- Pasman EP, McKeown MJ, Cleworth TW, Bloem BR, Inglis JT, Carpenter MG. A Novel MRI Compatible Balance Simulator to Detect Postural Instability in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Neurol. 2019 Aug 28;10:922. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00922. eCollection 2019. PMID: 31555197
- Zaback M, Adkin AL, Carpenter MG. Adaptation of emotional state and standing balance parameters following repeated exposure to height-induced postural threat. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 28;9(1):12449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48722-z. PMID: 31462652
- Cleworth TW, Adkin AL, Allum JHJ, Inglis JT, Chua R, Carpenter MG. Postural Threat Modulates Perceptions of Balance-Related Movement During Support Surface Rotations. Neuroscience. 2019 Apr 15;404:413-422. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.011. Epub 2019 Feb 18. PMID: 30790669
- Horslen BC, Zaback M, Inglis JT, Blouin JS, Carpenter MG. Increased human stretch reflex dynamic sensitivity with height-induced postural threat. J Physiol. 2018 Nov;596(21):5251-5265. doi: 10.1113/JP276459. Epub 2018 Oct 9. PMID: 30176053
- Cleworth TW, Inglis JT, Carpenter MG. Postural threat influences the conscious perception of body position during voluntary leaning. Gait Posture. 2018 Oct;66:21-25. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Aug 8. PMID: 30138743
- Tran S, Shafiee M, Jones CB, Garg S, Lee S, Pasman EP, Carpenter MG, McKeown MJ. Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation induces complex multi-planar effects during standing in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Stimul. 2018 Sep-Oct;11(5):1180-1182. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.020. Epub 2018 Apr 27. PMID: 29776860
- Zaback M, Horslen BC, Cleworth TW, Collings L, Langlet C, Inglis JT, Carpenter MG. Influence of emotional stimuli on lower limb cutaneous reflexes during human gait. Neurosci Lett. 2018 Jan 18;664:123-127. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.013. Epub 2017 Nov 8. PMID: 29128629
For a more comprehensive list of publications, please check Google Scholar
Opportunities
Please contact Dr. Mark Carpenter (mark.carpenter@ubc.ca) if interested in inquiring about graduate supervision, volunteer opportunities, or to participate as a subject in one of our ongoing studies.
Contact Us
Laboratory Location:
Osborne Centre Unit 2, Room 124K
6108 Thunderbird Blvd
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, B.C.
V6T 1Z3
Phone: 604-827-3482
Email: mark.carpenter@ubc.ca