UBC Kin Alum Clare Drake elected to Hockey Hall of Fame

KINterested in research?

By Eric Chau, Zoe Sarafis, Brian Hayes

Are you a UBC kinesiology student interested in the sciences? If you are, this article was written for you!

As kinesiology students, we study exercise and movement sciences, encompassing in part, theoretical analysis in biomechanics, anatomy, and physiology. But, have you wondered how the information that we learn in a classroom is generated, validated, and disseminated? Research is required to uncover and expand upon our knowledge of microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms underlying physiological, biochemical, and biomechanical functions. Research can help us understand what processes are involved in response to activity or how exercise and/or physical trauma alter bodily functions, as well as organ cell composition and structure. Similarly, in vivo and in vitro imaging in pre-clinical research is able to map anatomical structures and use computed simulations to conduct a functional analysis of organs and tissues. Data generated from such research is statistically analyzed to confirm the significance of the research results, which can then be used as the basis for translation into the human context. UBC offers numerous opportunities for Kinesiology students to explore and participate in research. Here, we provide an overview of our collective experiences in a variety of research areas at the International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), a world leading centre for translational spinal cord injury (SCI) research located at Vancouver General Hospital. Collectively, our experiences have enhanced our learning, provided us networking opportunities with current experts in the field, and allowed us to contribute to the communal effort towards SCI research.


Eric

Eric ChauMy name is Eric Chau and I am entering my fourth year in the Interdisciplinary Studies Stream in Kinesiology. I have had the opportunity to become involved in Dr. Christopher West’s lab at ICORD as a volunteer research assistant for the past year. Collectively, my experiences have included assisting in a variety of imaging and measurement techniques to capture the changes to cardiac function following SCI. My current project, which ties into my Kin 499 directed studies, involves individual work contributing to a larger study investigating the effects of minocycline (an anti-inflammatory drug) on cardiac function following experimental SCI in rodents. Specifically, I analyze and compile in vivo data on heart and cardiovascular (CV) function at different timepoints of the study. During my time here, I have learned the merits of innovative techniques such as pressure-volume catheter conductance technique, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography in addition to operating their respective analytical software. Individually, these techniques provide us information on structural dimensions and hemodynamic indices, but together, they can paint a more comprehensive picture of the vast physiological changes that we can see following SCI. From taking part in the live surgeries and recordings, to analyzing and organizing the data, I can firsthand observe the process of how raw measurements from complex lab techniques are converted into sound results for publication.

Highlighted personal benefits:

  • Applied theoretical concepts to recognize irregular data/outliers and attempt to explain the physiological basis behind the patterns we observe
  • Increased expertise and knowledge around common laboratory imaging techniques used to gather data on important outcome measures

Zoe

Zoe Sarafis

My name is Zoe Sarafis and I am entering my fourth year in the Kinesiology Health Science Stream. Through the UBC Faculty of Medicine Summer Student Research Program, I had the opportunity to conduct a research study on SCI in Dr. Andrei Krassioukov’s laboratory this summer. My 8-week project was aimed at evaluating the effects of SCI on the brain. Following SCI, instability results in the autonomic system controlling involuntary bodily functions, causing low resting blood pressure and episodes of transient high blood pressure, termed autonomic dysreflexia. In both able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals, hypertension, or high blood pressure, mediates an increased risk for stroke and cerebrovascular dysfunction. My project thus aimed to elucidate the cerebral consequences resulting from SCI, by quantifying morphological changes in the brain following SCI. I specifically assessed blood vessel density, cerebral blood vessel fluid leakage, and neuronal density in the hippocampus of spinal cord injured and uninjured animals, using biologic markers. The project required me to learn and apply complementary techniques in immunohistochemistry, such as tissue sectioning, immunofluorescence staining, imaging and performing statistical analysis to validate my experimental results. The outcome of my project will contribute to a larger research initiative aimed at understanding the cerebrovascular consequences of exposure to autonomic dysreflexia in individuals following SCI.

Highlighted personal benefits

  • Learned technical laboratory skills in biochemistry, including tissue sectioning, immunofluorescence staining, and imaging on confocal and epifluorescence microscopes
  • Refined my ability to critically evaluate scientific claims and formulate a research plan
  • Learned to draft and execute an experimental design and developed project management skills

Brian

Brian Hayes

My name is Brian Hayes and I recently graduated with a BKin in Health Sciences. I became involved in Dr. West’s lab at ICORD initially as a volunteer research assistant conducting data analysis. I learned that CV issues are actually the primary cause of death following SCI, and to date, our understanding of the exact impact of SCI on the CV system is based off of studies using load-dependent measures of cardiac function. While this is informative, it only allows for the study of the CV system as a whole, opposed to isolating study of the heart in vivo. My initial project involved working with Dr. West to analyze load-independent pressure-volume cardiac data obtained directly from within the left ventricle of rats with varying levels of SCI. Later, I had the opportunity to formulate my own Kin 499 project. The specific aim of my project was to analyze heart tissue from uninjured rats and rats with T2 or T10 SCI to explore the impact of varying levels of SCI on the structure and function of the left ventricle. During this project I learned how to perform immunohistochemical staining, fluorescent light microscope imaging, and how to analyze and statistically compile the data in graphing software. The results corroborated with other findings from Dr. West’s lab, indicating that many of the profound changes seen in the CV system following SCI may not be due to the loss of muscle function, but to the loss of sympathetic activity below the site of injury. I was required to write a full scientific report and a give a ten minute presentation to share my findings with a group of researchers at ICORD. Lastly, I had the opportunity to do a poster presentation about my study at ICORD’s annual research meeting, which provided exposure to additional facets of research and science.

Highlighted personal benefits

  • Learned how to perform numerous histochemical assays and analytical measurements, such as immunohistochemical staining, fluorescent light microscopy and pressure-volume loop analysis
  • Learned to write a full research report, how to structure a presentation about research findings, and how to make and present a research poster

Although each of our experiences have been unique and we have contributed to separate projects, working at ICORD has provided us all with an incredible opportunity to participate in cutting edge research in the field of SCI, and to interact with a team of researchers comprised of clinicians, postdoctoral fellows, technicians, graduates and undergraduates. Together, we have been challenged to think strategically, reason, and work through problems encountered throughout the course of our projects. Working in a new environment has helped us to expand our personal skillsets, and has given us confidence to undertake other novel tasks. We believe working in research fosters both independence and teamwork, compelling us to continually search for answers and to collaborate with others. But most importantly, we were able to contribute to a larger research effort to address the secondary consequences emanating from SCI and now recognize the importance of the research we are conducting to the lives of individuals with SCI. We would like to thank Dr. West, Dr. Krassioukov, and Dr. Aaron Phillips for providing us both the guidance and the opportunity to translate theoretical principles we have learned throughout our kinesiology degrees into tangible lessons for personal growth as academics, and to join a community that continually strives to advance the field of SCI. Our experiences in the labs at ICORD have been truly invaluable, for which we will take with us to our future endeavours.

Q & A with Guy Faulkner

June 20, 2017 – Dr. Guy Faulkner discusses link between physical activity and mental health. “This is an important relationship to examine. People with good mental health are more likely to be active, and being physically active improves mental health. Looking at how to intervene when this cycle is broken is the key challenge of some of my research.” Read more here.

Visiting Assistant Professor

June 19, 2017 – It has been a pleasure working with Dr. Alyson Crozier from University of South Australia for the past 4 weeks!

Q&A: Guy Faulkner- Physical Activity and Mental Health

Guy Faulkner, professor in the School of Kinesiology and head of the Population Physical Activity (Pop-PA) Lab, shares his research insights on the relationship between physical activity and mental health.

What does the Pop-PA Lab do?

The Pop-PA Lab conducts research incorporating a range of disciplinary perspectives and research designs, theoretical and methodological approaches in addressing three critical questions:

  • What factors cause or prevent physical (in)activity and sedentary behaviour?
  • How does participation in physical activity influence mental health?
  • How are physical activity initiatives best designed, delivered and disseminated for the general population?

From your research, can you comment on how physical activity impacts or influences mental health?

This is an important relationship to examine. People with good mental health are more likely to be active, and being physically active improves mental health. Looking at how to intervene when this cycle is broken is the key challenge of some of my research.

Can you break down the term “physical activity”? Are some types of physical activity better for mental health than others?

Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into different domains like leisure or recreation, occupational, household, or other activities like travelling to work.

Exercise is physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and often with the goal of improving or maintaining fitness. I think it’s likely a case of different strokes for different folks – different types and doses of physical activity work for people differently and at different times.

There is some suggestion that the physical activity we choose to do, is more reliably associated with better mental health than activity you have less control, interest or choice over – like doing housework.

What advice would you offer to readers who would like to integrate physical activity as an approach to improve their mental health and wellbeing?

The best dose of physical activity for mental health is the dose you’re going to do. Find what you enjoy and do that. It’s got to be a pleasurable experience and of course what people find pleasurable will vary widely among individuals.

Looking at the big picture, what are the most effective physical activity interventions for the general population?

Initiatives supporting active travel – to the workplace or to schools for example – show promise at the population level. Initiatives that help people integrate greater physical activity into their day are more likely to have a sustainable impact.

Can you share some updates from your research?

I have been working on the development of the new Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder.

In an important change to the guidelines, exercise is now recommended in Canada as first-line mono therapy (a single treatment for a particular disorder or disease) for mild to moderate depression and as second-line adjunctive treatment (a secondary used together with the primary treatment) for moderate to severe depression. This is an exciting opportunity for examining how kinesiologists can be integrated as part of the mental health care team.

About Dr. Guy Faulkner

Guy FaulknerDr. Guy Faulkner is a Professor in the School of Kinesiology, head of the Population Physical Activity Lab and a Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Public Health Agency of Canada (CIHR-PHAC) Chair in Applied Public Health. Dr. Faulkner is currently an investigator with the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU) and a Research Affiliate of the Alberta Centre for Active Living. Dr. Faulkner serves on the ParticipACTION research committee and is a member of the Research Work Group for the annual Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Dr. Faulkner is the founding editor of the Elsevier journal Mental Health and Physical Activity.

Broadly, his research has focused on two inter-related themes: the development and evaluation of physical activity interventions; and physical activity and mental health. If you would like to learn more about Dr. Faulkner’s research, follow him at @guyfaulkner on Twitter.

 

 

 

Integrating Indigenous knowledges in teaching: When will we be ready?

The following is an excerpt from, “Integrating Indigenous knowledges in teaching: When will we be ready?” by Emi Sasagawa that first appeared on The Centre for Teaching Learning and Technology on May 30th, 2017. Read the full article here.

On May 2 the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology held a panel discussion on integrating Indigenous content and perspectives in the classroom. The event brought together five settler scholars from departments across the university to share their experiences and to discuss, “When will we be ready?”

“My number one anxiety is taking space,” said Moss Norman, Assistant Professor in the School of Kinesiology. “I wonder if by teaching this course I’m taking more space and not making enough space because there are people who are significantly better qualified to teach this course than myself, and I recognize that.”

Norman teaches the only Indigenous focused course currently offered in Kinesiology, which he wanted to use to explore Indigenous movement. Movement is essential to colonization, he says, the restriction of movement, the displacement and dispossession of Indigenous territories, right down to the most personal level, but movement has also been critical to Indigenous continuance, regeneration and resurgence. He employed talking circles to help students learn from their peers and bring in other dimensions of learning to the classroom.

“My class was only 13 students, but the students really appreciate it when you make yourself vulnerable. I would share with students what I had learned and I would always be careful in telling them where those teachings came from.”

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